Boat Covers Wolf
Fairbanks, Alaska
www.ci.fairbanks.ak.us
Fairbanks (pronounced / frbks /) is a Home Rule city and county seat of Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States.
Fairbanks is the largest city in the Interior of Alaska and the second largest in the state behind Anchorage. It is the main city of Fairbanks, Alaska Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all Fairbanks North Star Borough and is the northernmost Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States.
According to 2008 Census Bureau estimates, the city's population is 35,132 and the metropolitan area population of Fairbanks is 97,970. Fairbanks is the home of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the oldest college in Alaska.
Content
A History
2 Geography
2.1 Topography
2.2 surrounding municipalities,
2.3 Climate
3 people and culture
3.1 Demography
Media 3.2
3.3 Sport
4 facilities, services, utilities, schools, health and
5 Economy
5.1 Taxes
6 Transportation
6.1 Railroad
7 Points of interest
8 Sister Cities
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
/ /
History
Top Story of Fairbanks, Alaska: Article
Captain ET Barnette Fairbanks founded in August 1901 while trying to create a trading post at Tanacross (where the Tanana River crossed the Valdez-Eagle trail). But the steamboat Barnette was aboard, the young Lavelle, ran aground and was laid seven miles (11 km) to the Chena River. Smoke of steam engines attracted miners, and they met Barnette where he landed. The miners convinced Barnette create your trading post there. The city is named after Charles Fairbanks, a Republican senator from Indiana, and later the 26th vice president of the United States, serving the second term of Theodore Roosevelt.
Felix Pedro discovered gold in the northeast of the city in July 1902 and a swarm of new residents that followed. Federal Judge James Wickersham established government offices in Fairbanks next year, helping to consolidate the rapidly growing city as an important center of activity in interior Alaska.
The Tanana Valley is an important agricultural center for Alaska, and Fairbanks in the early days' in vicinity of the city is a major producer of agricultural goods. Despite initial efforts by groups such as the Loyal League and the Alaska Tanana Valley Association Agriculture, and the editor of the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, WF Thompson, to encourage food production, agriculture in the area was never able to fully support the population, although approached in 1920.
Geography
A winter scene of downtown Fairbanks, as seen looking south from the Cushman Street Bridge spanning the Chena River.
Topography
Fairbanks is located in the central Tanana Valley, covering the Chena River near its confluence with the Tanana River. Immediately north of town is a mountain that rises gradually to the White Mountains and the Yukon River. The southern border of town is the Tanana River. South of the river is the Tanana apartments, an area of wetlands, which stretches over 100 miles (160 km) until he ascends the Alaska Range, which is visible from Fairbanks, on clear days. To the east and west are low valleys separated by mountain ranges up to 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level.
The Tanana Valley is crossed by many streams and rivers down which flow into the Tanana River. In Fairbanks, the Chena River flows southwest until it empties into the Tanana. Noyes Slough, who leads off the river and foots Chena creates Garden Island, a district connected to the rest of Fairbanks for culverted bridges and roads.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 32.7 square miles (84.6 km) square 31.9 miles (82.5 km) from the earth is square and 0.8 miles (2.1 kilometers) of it (2.48%) is water.
Surrounding municipalities,
College
Fox
Two Rivers
Ester
Fort Wainwright
Fairbanks
Chena
Tanana River
North Pole
Climate
Fairbanks climate is generally classified as sub-arctic climate classification climate (Kppen DFC). DFC climate classification is characterized by long and cold winters and short summers and cool, with most of the precipitation that occurs in summer. In Fairbanks, winter runs from late September / early October until late April / early May. On average, the first snow of the season falls in Fairbanks on September 21, and a few inches of snow accumulates by October 08 on average. The snow is established until October 18, on average, and continues until May. Snow arrives early, and occasionally in large quantities. On September 13, 1992, 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell in town, bending trees still loaded with the leaves fall. In September of that year was also one of the snowiest on record, as 24 inches (61 cm) decreased, compared with an average of 2.2 inches of the month. low average winter temperature range of 15 F (26.1 C) and 25 F (31.7 C), but the extremes can range from 50 F (10 C) and 60 F (51.1 C). In summer, temperatures typically range between 70 degrees F (21 C) and 50 F (10 C); Fairbanks did not record a 90 F (32 C) temperature between 1994 and 2009. The highest temperature recorded was 96 in Fairbanks F (36 C) while the lowest was 62 F (52.2 C). The warmest year was 1981 in Fairbanks, where the annual mean temperature was 32.0 F (0.0 C). The coldest year was 1956, which averaged a low of 21.3 F (5.9 C).
These widely varying extremes of temperature are due to three main factors: temperature inversions, light and wind direction. In winter, the low-altitude location Fairbanks, Tanana Valley in the background makes the cold air to accumulate around the city. Warmer air rises to the top of the hills north of Fairbanks, while the city itself faces a major reversal of Earth's temperature. Heating by sunlight is limited Fairbanks because of the location is a high latitude. In the winter solstice, Fairbanks experiences in 3 hours and 43 minutes of sunshine. On the summer solstice, Fairbanks receives 21 hours and 49 minutes of direct sunlight, after sunset, dusk is bright enough to allow the day's activities. During winter, the direction Wind also causes large temperature swings in Fairbanks. When the wind blows in any direction but south, it follows the mean time. Wind south may lead the warm, moist air from the Gulf of Alaska, much higher temperatures. When combined with a chinook wind, temperatures well above freezing, often result.
Besides the chinook wind, Fairbanks experiences of a handful of other unusual weather conditions. In summer, the dense wildfire smoke accumulates in Tanana Valley, affecting the climate and causing health problems. When temperature inversions occur in winter, the haze of heavy ice, often results. ice fog occurs when the air is too cold to absorb excess moisture, as released by motor vehicles or human breath. Instead of dissipating, the water freezes in microscopic crystals that are suspended in the air, creating fog. most notable Fairbanks' weather unusual occurrence is the prevalence of aurora borealis, commonly called the aurora borealis, which are visible on average more than 200 days per year in nearby Fairbanks.
Since 1949 the average temperature Fairbanks in winter is increased by 7.7 F (4.3 C), mean temperature of Spring 3.8 F (2.1 C), and its average temperature in summer of 2.3 F (1.3 C). During the same period, the average autumn temperature Fairbanks fell by 0.4 F (0.2 C). If only the 19772008 years are considered, the average temperature of Fairbanks' annual fell of 1.3 F (0.7 C) degrees.
Climatic data from Fairbanks, Alaska
Month
Jan
February
Mar
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year
Record high F (C)
50
(10)
47
(8)
56
(13)
74
(23)
89
(32)
96
(36)
94
(34)
93
(34)
84
(29)
72
(22)
49
(9)
44
(7)
96
(36)
Average high F (C)
-0.3
(-17.9)
8.0
(-13.3)
25.0
(-3.9)
43.6
(6.4)
60.6
(15.9)
70.9
(21.6)
73.0
(22.8)
66.3
(19.1)
54.3
(12.4)
31.4
(-0.3)
11.2
(-11.6)
3.3
(-15.9)
37.3
(2.9)
Average low F (C)
-19.0
(-28.3)
-15.6
(-26.4)
-2.7
(-19.3)
19.8
(-6.8)
36.9
(2.7)
48.5
(9.2)
51.9
(11.1)
46.2
(7.9)
34.7
(1.5)
15.6
(-9.1)
-6.6
(-21.4)
-15.2
(-26.2)
16.2
(-8.8)
Record low F (C)
-61
(-52)
-58
(-50)
-49
(-45)
-24
(-31)
-1
(-18)
30
(-1)
35
(2)
27
(-3)
3
(-16)
-27
(-33)
-46
(-43)
-62
(-52)
-62
(-52)
Precipitation inches (mm)
12:56
(14.2)
12:36
(9.1)
00:28
(7.1)
00:21
(5.3)
0.6
(15.2)
1.4
(35.6)
1.73
(43.9)
1.74
(44.2)
1.12
(28.4)
0.92
(23.4)
0.68
(17.3)
0.74
(18.8)
10:34
(262.6)
Snowfall inches (mm)
10.3
(261.6)
7.3
(185.4)
5.2
(132.1)
2.4
(61)
0.6
(15.2)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
2.2
(55.9)
12.3
(312.4)
13.6
(345.4)
14.1
(358.1)
68.0
(1,727.2)
Avg. snow day
9
7
7
3
1
0
0
0
2
12
13
12
65
Avg. Precipitation days
8
6
5
4
7
11
13
13
10
12
11
10
109
Source: October 2009
People and culture
Demography
Historical populations
Census
Pop
%
1910
3,541
1920
1,155
67.4%
1930
2,101
81.9%
1940
3,455
64.4%
1950
5,771
67.0%
1960
13,311
130.7%
1970
14,711
10.5%
1980
22,645
53.9%
1990
30,843
36.2%
2000
30,224
2.0%
Est 2008
35,132
16.2%
source:
First monument to the first settlers in Fairbanks, Alaska
As of the census of 2000 there were 30,224 people, 11,075 households, and 7,187 families residing in the city. The population density was 948.7 people per square mile (366.3/km). There were 12,357 housing units at an average density of 387.9/sq mi (149.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 66.67% White, 13.10% Black or African American 9.91% Native American, 2.72% Asian, 0.54% Pacific Islander, 2.45% from other races, and 6.57% from two or more races. 6.13% of the population were Hispanic of any race.
Of the 11,075 households, 39.9% had children under the age of 18, 47.2% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.1% were non-families. 27.4% of households were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.15.
Median age of the population was 28 years, with 29.4% under the age of 18, 14.7% 18-24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 16.4% 45-64, and 6.6% who were 65 years or more old. For every 100 females there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 years, there were 108.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $ 40,577, and the median income for a family was $ 46,785. Males had a median income of $ 30,539 against $ 26,577 for females. The per capita income of the city was $ 19,814. About 7.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.6% of children under age 18 and 7.0% of those aged 65 years or more.
Media
greater Fairbanks' newspaper is the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, which also includes a weekly entertainment guide, Latitude 65. A few other periodicals also serve Fairbanks and Fairbanks North Star Borough: The Ester Republic and the University of Alaska Fairbanks student newspaper, the Star Sun
Fairbanks is also served by television and radio. stations AM radio stations include leaders KFAR 660 radio programs, KCBF 820 ESPN Radio Network, KFBX 970 radio programs and religious radio KJNP 1170. stations 88.5 FM include popular Christian, KUAC NPR 89.9, 91.5 KSUA University of Alaska at Fairbanks, KDJF ("CHET FM) 93.5 95.9 KXLR country all classic rock KYSC 96.9 soft rock KWLF 98.1 "98.1 Wolf, top 40, KJNP-FM 100.3 religious KAKQ-FM 101.1" Magic 101.1 "in pop music Kiak-FM 102.5 country music, KTDZ 103.9 "K-TED" adult hits, and rock KKED 104.7.
main branches Fairbanks' are KATN TV (ABC) – (KIMO retransmission), KFXF (Fox), KUAC-TV (PBS) – "AlaskaONE" with some programming KMXT-only, KTVF (NBC), K13XD (CBS), and the station UHF KDMD-LP (i)-Fairbanks. Cable is available from GCI and Television Denali.
Sports
The Carlson Center is home to University hockey of Alaska Fairbanks Nanooks men of ice, top basketball tournament in the world of college pre-season, and the Fairbanks Grizzlies, a professional football team in the indoor arena Football League.
The Fairbanks Ice Dogs, a team of junior hockey in the North American Hockey League, playing in the Big Dipper Ice Arena.
The Goldpanners Alaska Fairbanks AIA and fire are a summer collegiate baseball teams, playing at home Growden Memorial Park. The park is home to the annual Midnight Sun game, an annual tradition since 1906, played without artificial lights departure after ten at night, the summer solstice.
In addition, Fairbanks is a center for cross-country skiing in Alaska. It hosted several skiing events, including large 2003 Junior Olympic Ski Cross County Championship and the U.S. in 2008 and 2009 National Cross Country Distance He also has an annual race called Kkaazoot Sonot 50k races and Fairbanks City Series, which consists of four different breeds and races Medicine Box Distance Series, which consists in only three races.
Fairbanks is also home to the Yukon Quest, one thousand miles an international sled dog race that is considered one of the toughest in the world. In 2010, the Yukon Quest will begin in Fairbanks on Feb. 6. The race alternates points of departure and arrival each year between Fairbanks, Alaska and Whitehorse, Yukon.
Facilities, services, utilities, schools and health services
Water, sewage sanitary and electrical systems are operated by private entities. Water and sewer services are available in most locations within the city limits, but many residents lack thereof in the surrounding urban area. Fifteen circulating pump stations distribute treated water throughout the greater Fairbanks area.
Electricity is provided by Golden Valley Electric Association. The Chena power site has four steam turbines fueled by coal and an electric generator, powered by oil. Interior Alaska is not connected to the utility of the contiguous United States and Canada, but a transmission line built in 1985, connects Fairbanks with plants in coal producing region of Healy and the Anchorage area. Fairbanks currently holds the world record for the largest rechargeable battery, which weighs about 1,300 tons. The battery was installed to help bridge the gaps that occur during frequent power outages. The battery provides power for seven minutes to about 12,000 homes.
The University of Alaska Fairbanks operates its own coal generating station on campus, providing electricity and steam heat to buildings of the university.
Refuse collection services are provided in some areas of the city, although many Fairbanks residents must haul their own garbage to "transfer stations" where garbage and trash are collected and taken to the dump. Collected waste is transported to the Class 1 landfill in the Municipality of South Cushman Street. waste services are financed by a tax that is paid by owner occupiers, regardless of whether they are eligible for garbage collection services in your area. Fort Wainwright operates its own landfill.
The Fairbanks North Star Borough School District has a student enrollment of just over 14,000. There are both public and private schools. Most private schools are run by religious organizations (eg, private Catholic schools).
Local hospitals or health clinics include Fairbanks Memorial Hospital, Interior Community Health Center, Chief Andrew Isaac Health Center, Bassett Army Community Hospital (Fort Wainwright). The hospitals are qualified acute care facilities and support services for the State-certified Medevac. Specialized Care: FNA Regional Center for alcohol and other addictions. Long Term Care: Fairbanks Pioneers Home '; Denali Center.
Until 1996, the telephone service was provided by the Service Municipal Utilities, a public company. That year, the telephone service was sold to Alaska Communications Systems, a private company. General Communications Competed against HCA Inc. in Fairbanks since 1997. Both companies offer mobile phone service in Fairbanks, as the national and local providers such as AT & T and Alaska Digitel.
A pair of fiber optic cables provide long-distance telephone and Internet services. A parallel to Park Road and connects Fairbanks to Anchorage, while the other parallels the Richardson Highway connects Fairbanks to Valdez and. A third fiber optic cable parallel to stimulate pipeline Trans-Alaska Fairbanks and Prudhoe Bay is connected to. Broadband Internet access is provided by GCI, ACS, and a handful of satellite Internet services and wireless Internet.
Fairbanks is classified as a small town. It is found in EMS Region 1C in the Interior Region. Emergency services have highway, airport and floatplane access. Service is provided by the emergency 9-1-1 telephone service, paid EMS volunteers, a health aide, and the military. Auxiliary health care is provided by Fairbanks Fire Department, Airport Fire Department, University Fire Department; Chena Goldstream Fire & Rescue, Steese Area Volunteer Fire; Guardian Flight Critical-Care Air Ambulance; Warbelow Air Ambulance, Fort Wainwright Fire / Emergency; Ester Volunteer Fire Department, the North Star Volunteer Fire Department, and City Fire Department North Pole.
Economy
This section needs additional citations for verification.
Help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)
As the regional service and supply center for the Interior of Alaska, [citation needed] Fairbanks offers a diverse economy, including neighborhood, city, state, and federal government services and transportation, communication, financial, industrial and regional medical services. Tourism and mining also comprise a significant part of the economy. [Citation needed] Including Eielson Air Force Base and Fort Wainwright personnel, over one third of employment is in government services. The University of Alaska Fairbanks is also a major employer. About 325,000 tourists visit Fairbanks every summer. The Fort Knox hardrock gold mine produces 1,200 oz daily with 360 permanent staff throughout year. [Citation needed]
Taxes
Sales: None
Property: 20.777 mills (7.171 city/13.606 great neighborhood scope)
Special: Tax 5% alcohol (one city), tobacco tax of 16% (8% of the city / district 8%), 8% accommodations tax (city only)
Transportation
As the transport hub for the interior of Alaska, Fairbanks resources in road, rail and air links with the rest of Alaska and abroad. In Fairbanks' foundation, the only way to get the new city was by steamboat on the River Chena. In 1904, the money to improve the Trail Valdez-Eagle was diverted to build a branch trail, giving Fairbanks its first land connection to the outside world. The result of Richardson Highway was created in 1910 after of Gen. Wilds P. Richardson upgrade to a road wagon. In the 1920s, was improved and made navigable by car, but that was not paved until 1957.
connections Fairbanks' road was improved in 1927, when 161 miles (259 km) Steese Highway linking the city to the Yukon River in the mining community Gold Circle. In 1942, the Alaska Highway linked the Richardson Highway to the Brazilian road system, allowing road travel from the rest of the United States to Fairbanks, which is considered the official end of the highway. Because of World War II, civilian air traffic, was not allowed on the road until 1948.
In the late 1960s and early 1970, a series of roads were built to connect Fairbanks to the oil fields of Prudhoe Bay Elliott Road was built in 1957 to connect Fairbanks to Livengood, south end of the Dalton Highway, which ends in Deadhorse on the North Slope. West of the intersection Dalton Highway Elliott extends to Manley Hot Springs, Tanana River. To improve logistics in Fairbanks during the construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline, the George Parks Highway was built between Anchorage and Fairbanks in 1971.
Until 1940, none of Fairbanks' surface streets were paved. The outbreak of World War II interrupted his plans to open most of the roads of the city and a move toward large-scale paving did not begin until 1953, when the city paved 30 blocks of streets. During the late 1950s and 1960s, the rest of the city streets were converted from gravel roads to asphalt surfaces. Few have been repaved since that time, a 2008 survey of city streets indicated the average age of a street in Fairbanks was 31 years.
Public transport was provided by the Metropolitan Area Commuter System, an agency of the government district, since 1977. Bus service links most of the urban Fairbanks, with most routes connecting the transit center in the city.
Railroad
The Alaska Railroad provides regular transportation and passenger transportation between cities and Southcentral Alaska Fairbanks.
After the extraction of gold on a large scale began north of Fairbanks, the miners sought to build a railroad from the steamboat wharf at the Chena River mines in the mountains north of town. The result was the Tanana Mines Railway, which began operations in September 1905, using what had been the first steam locomotive in the Yukon Territory. In 1907, the railroad was reorganized and named the Tanana Valley Railroad. The railroad continued to expand until 1910, when the gold cycle began to fail and the introduction of automobiles in Fairbanks took business away from the railroad. Despite these problems, along railroad provided a railway line extending from Fairbanks to Seward on the Gulf of Alaska, where is the Alaska Central Railway.
In 1914, the U.S. Congress appropriated $ 35 million for the construction of the railroad system in Alaska, but work was delayed by the outbreak of WWI. Three years later, the Alaska Railroad purchased the Tanana Valley Railroad, which suffered from the problems of economic warfare. Workers built a rail line that runs northwest of Fairbanks, then south to Nenana, where President Warren G. Harding pounded in the final spike ceremony in 1923. The rail yards of the Tanana Valley Railroad were converted for use by the railroad in Alaska at Fairbanks and became the north end of the line and its second largest deposit.
From 1923 to 1994, the Alaska Railroad Fairbanks terminal was in downtown Fairbanks, the Chena River North. In May 2005, the Alaska Railroad opened a new terminal, northwest of the city, and that the terminal is in operation today. In summer, the railroad operates tourist trains to and from Fairbanks, and occasional passenger trains operate throughout the year. Most of its business through Fairbanks is shipping. The railroad is planning an expansion of the railway from Fairbanks to connect the city via rail to Delta Junction, about 100 miles (160 km) southeast.
Points of interest
Creamer's Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge
El Dorado Gold Mine
Fairbanks Curling Club
Georgeson Botanical Garden
Gold Dredge No. 8
Robert G. White Large Research Station Animals
Pioneer Park
Riverboat Discovery
Tanana Chief Sternwheeler
University of Alaska Museum of the North
Sister Cities
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada [citation needed]
Aix-les-Bains, France
Erdenet, Mongolia
Fanano, Italy
Mo I Rana, Norway
Monbetsu, Japan (dormant)
Tainan City, Taiwan
Notes
^ b "Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated everywhere in Alaska" (CSV). Population Estimates 2008. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. July 1, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-04-02.csv. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
^ "Find a County". Association National Municipality. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template; = / cffiles / municipalities usamap.cfm /. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Fairbanks North Star Borough ^, Alaska FactFinder Census Bureau, 2008. Accessed 08/19/2009.
History ^ "Fairbanks."
^ Like a tree to ground: a history of agriculture in Alaska Tanana Valley from 1903 to 1940, by Josephine E. Papp and Josie A. Phillips
^ Fodor's. "Alaska Overlook, Fodors.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ ab U.S. Geological Survey. "Bulletin – United States Geological Survey, Issue 284, "U.S. Geological Survey. 1906. P. 110.
^ Geographic Names Information System. "Garden Island", USA Geological Survey. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ University of Melbourne. "World Map of Kppen-Geiger climate classification", climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ Ritter, Michael E. "The physical environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography" University of Wisconsintevens Point. 2006. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ Ab Shulski, P. 154
^ Staff Report. "Prediction saw snow for the Fairbanks area, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. September 22, 2009. Accessed on 04 October 2009.
^ Rozell, Ned. "The change Albedo change on Alaska, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. September 27, 2009. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ Ab Shulski, P. 153
^ Mowry, Tim "Record high temperatures recorded in Fairbanks, "Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. July 8, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Ab Greater Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce. "Climate" fairbankschamber.org. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. "International Airport Fairbanks, AK: Top ten hottest years and cold, "climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. "The time Fairbanks" climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Rozell, Ned. "The death of a temperature inversion," the Alaska Science Forum. 29 January 2004. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Mowry, Tim Chinook brings record temperatures for Interior Alaska, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. January 16 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Mowry, Tim "The worst forest fires send the summer air in Fairbanks," Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. 31 July 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Staff Report. "The thick smoke cancels flights at the airport in Fairbanks," Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. August 6, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Cole, Dermot. "Dispelling some notions about the fog ice fog, inversions and Fairbanks time, "Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. January 4, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Garrett, Jerry. "The show cold in Fairbanks, Alaska," The New York Times. March 2, 2007. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Ab Alaska Climate Research Center. "The temperature change in Alaska," climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. "The temperature change in Alaska, 19772008," climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7, 2009.
Shulski ^, p. 155
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. "Fairbanks International Airport, AK," climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 4, 2009.
^ Alaska Climate Research Center. "Number of days with snowfall," climate.gi.alaska.edu. Accessed October 7 2009.
^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. cities, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 3.
^ "Subcounty Estimates population: 2000-2008 Alaska "(CSV). U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 01/07/2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2008-2.csv . Retrieved 8/19/2009.
^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^
the world's biggest battery switched on in Alaska ^ – Telegraph
^ UAF Facilities Services, a division of utilities
^ Alaska Supreme Court. touchngo.com "Falke v. Fairbanks City Council." June 12, 1998. Accessed August 1, 2009.
^ Ab GCI. "Company Overview", GCI.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ AT & T Wireless. "Coverage Viewer, wireless.att.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ DigiTel Alaska. "About Us" akdigitel.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
Alaska Communications Systems ^. acsalaska.com "Anchorage to Fairbanks Fiber. "Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ GCI. "GCI to acquire majority control of the fiber optic system," GCI.com. February 21 2001. Accessed September 30, 2009.
Alaska Communications Systems ^. "ACS Personal Internet Services", acsalaska.com. Accessed September 30, 2009.
Abc ^
^ Hendrick, pp 1415
^ Hendrick, P. 21
^ Alaska Department of Transportation and facilities public. "Richardson northern segment of Highway," dot.state.ak.us. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. "Steese Highway" Morris Magazine Network. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. "FAQ: Facts Alaska Highway," The Internet Archive. September 29, 2007. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Ab the milestone. "Highway Elliott", Network Magazine Morris. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. "Dalton Highway, "Morris Magazine Network. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Milepost. "Park Road", Morris Magazine Network's. Accessed October 7 2009.
^ Gold Rush City, p. 114
^ Town Gold Rush, p. 165
^ Town Gold Rush, p. 178
^ Eshleman, Christopher. "Fairbanks sales tax proposal differs from previous attempts, "Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. October 2, 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
Ab ^ Friends of the Railroad Tanana Valley. "History" Tanana Valley Railroad, fairnet.org. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ Clifford, Howard. Northern Rails: Railroads Alaska and Yukon. Superior Publishing Co., 1981. p. 76
Abcd ^ Alaska Railroad. "The Alaska Railroad – History" akrr.com. Accessed August 9, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. "Railroad facilities", akrr.com. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. Report for the state of Alaska "(PDF) akrr.com. January 2009. Accessed October 7, 2009.
^ The Alaska Railroad. "Rail Extension project of the North" northernrailextension.com. Accessed October 7, 2009.
Abc ^
^
^
^
References
Cole, Dermot. Fairbanks: A Gold Rush town that beat the odds. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1999. ISBN 9781602230309
Basil Hedrick and Savage, Susan. Steamboats at Chena. Fairbanks. Epicenter Press, 1988. ASIN B000OM7YIK
Shulski, Martha and Wendler, Gerd. The climate of Alaska. University of Alaska Press, 2007. ISBN 9781602230071
Further Reading
Boswell, John. History of Alaskan Operations of the United States, smelting, refining and Mining Company. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Mineral Industries Research Laboratory, 1979.
Cashen, William. Farthest North College President. Charles E. Bunnell and History Former University of Alaska. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1972.
Cloe, John and Monaghan, Michael. Top Cover for America. Missoula, Montana. Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1984.
Cole, Terrence. The cornerstone of the College Hill: An Illustrated History of the University of Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Press, 1994.
Cooley, Richard. Fairbanks, Alaska: A review of progress. Juneau. Alaska Development Board in June 1954.
Davis, Neil. The College Hill Chronicles: How the University of Alaska, came of age. Fairbanks. University of Alaska Foundation, 1992.
Dixon, Me What happened to Fairbanks? The Effects of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline to the Community of Fairbanks, Alaska. Boulder, Colorado. Westview Press, 1978.
Kirchner, LD flag on the North, The Story of the Northern Commercial Company. Seattle. Superior Publishing, 1954.
Kruse, John A. Fairbanks Community Survey. Fairbanks. Institute Social and Economic Research, 1976.
Movius, Phyllis. The Role of Women in the founding and development of Fairbanks, Alaska, 1903-1923. Fairbanks. University Alaska Fairbanks, 1996.
Nasko, Claus and Rowinski, LJ Fairbanks: The Pictoral History. Virginia Beach, Virginia. The Donning Company, 1981.
Patty, Ernest. North Country Challenge. New York. David McKay, 1949.
Potter, Jean. Alaska under arms. New York. Macmillan, 1942.
Potter, Jean. The Flying North. New York. Macmillan, 1947.
Rickard, TA Through the Yukon and Alaska. San Francisco. Mining and Scientific Press, 1909.
Robe, Cecil. The penetration a frontier of Alaska, Tanana Valley and Fairbanks. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1943.
Wickersham, James. Old Yukon. Washington, Washington DC Paper Co. Law, 1938.
Wold, Jo Anne. This Old House. Anchorage. Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., 1976.
Wold, Jo Anne. Fairbanks: The $ 200 million Gold Town Rush. Fairbanks. Wold Press, 1971.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fairbanks, Alaska
Fairbanks site official
Fairbanks Chamber of Commerce
Fairbanks Convention and Visitors Bureau
National Weather Service Fairbanks office
Fairbanks travel guide from Wikitravel
Fairbanks, Alaska at the Open Directory Project
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Municipalities and communities of
Fairbanks North Star District, Alaska
County seat: Fairbanks
Cities
Fairbanks | North Pole
CDPs
College | Eielson AFB | Ester | Harding-Birch Lakes | | Fox Moose Creek | Pleasant Valley | Salcher | Two Rivers
Unincorporated
communities
Chatanika | Chena Hot Springs
ved
State of Alaska
Juneau (capital)
Topics
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Regions
Aleutian Islands | Alaska | Bush Alaska | Inside Passage | Interior | Kenai Peninsula | Matu Valley | North Slope | Southeast | Seward Peninsula | Tanana Valley | | Southcentral | Southwest Delta Yukonuskokwim
Major cities
Anchorage | Barrow | Bethel | Dillingham | Fairbanks | Juneau | | Homer Kenai | Ketchikan | Kodiak | Kotzebue | Name | Palmer | Petersburg | Seward | Sitka | Soldotna | Unalaska (Dutch Harbor) | Valdez | Wasilla
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Aleutians East Bay | Bristol | | Anchorage Denali | Fairbanks North Star | Haines | Juneau | Kenai Peninsula | Ketchikan Gateway | Kodiak Island | Lake and Peninsula | Matanuskausitna | North Slope | Northwest Arctic | Sitka | Skagway | Wrangell | Yakutat | Unorganized
Census Areas
Aleutians West | Dillingham | | Bethel Hoonahngoon | Name | Prince of Walesyder | | Petersburg Southeast Fairbanks | Valdezordova | Wade Hampton | Yukonoyukuk
Categories: Fairbanks, Alaska | Cities in Alaska | Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska | Borough seats in AlaskaHidden categories: Pages containing parameters obsolete models with quote | Infobox Settlement Maintenance USA | Articles needing additional references from July 2009 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements September 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements January 2010 About the Author
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Misty Fjords National Monument
